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Chemical Brain Injury
by Kaye H. Kilburn M.D. 1998
The idea that the brain is the most susceptible of body organs to the adverse
effects of chemicals seemed a remote possibility a decade or two ago. Among the
skeptics was Dr. Kaye H. Kilburn.
Well-known in Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, he had
demonstrated that airways-obstruction caused the Monday-morning asthma from
cotton dust in textile workers that led to the Cotton Dust Standard. He showed
how asbestos scarred the lungs’ small airways to trap air and reduce vital
capacity and that welding fumes, aluminum refining, diesel exhaust and
formaldehyde caused asthma by narrowing small airways. These workers complaints
of memory loss, inability to concentrate, dizziness, lightheadedness and loss of
balance led Dr. Kilburn to consider how to measure brain functions.
He borrowed and adapted tests and built devices to measure key brain
activities, and learned to find out how symptoms predicted losses of balance,
quickness, and strength, and loss of vision for color and form. Nearly 300
patients who had been exposed to chemicals were evaluated for diagnosis and
nearly 4,000 people who had been exposed in groups were evaluated for chemical
effects. Statistical analysis of patients gathered from individuals and groups
in cities, towns, and rural areas provided complementary insights into the
effects of chemicals.
Chemical Brain Injury focuses on how common and abundant chemicals affect the
brain. It synthesizes endeavors to assess the effects of chemicals that were
gathered over 15 years and published in 30 widely-scattered papers. Included are
effects of chlorine, hydrogen sulfide, chlordane, arsenic, trichloroethylene,
PCBs, hydrochloric acid and diesel exhaust. To understand how individuals and
populations respond to chemicals, it considers the effects of aging, of years of
school completed and of sex, height, weight and other factors.
The book addresses such issues as:
- The infrequency of chemically unaffected populations in the United
States
- Mechanisms of brain damage from chemicals
- Prognosis and therapy
The last section examines the social context and discusses such matters
as:
- The future of neurotoxicology, including needs and responsibility
- Legal proceedings
- Social changes
Chemical Brain Injury is the definitive volume on adverse effects of chemical
exposure on the human brain.
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